Resumo Esta investigação tem como objetivo avaliar o Sistema Nacional de Compras Públicas (NPPS) enquanto instrumento estratégico de gestão pública, em Portugal. A criação da NPPS, em 2007, seguiu o modelo da União Europeia para as compras públicas, baseado em critérios de economia, eficiência e eficácia que conduzem a uma maior transparência e responsabilização e refletem o valor público. Este experimento analisa quais são as dimensões mais fracas e mais fortes das NPPS e em que medida a atuação das NPPS se enquadra como instrumento estratégico da gestão pública. Uma pesquisa de levantamento, baseada no modelo conceitual desenvolvido por Essig et al. (2010) e posteriormente aplicado por Thi et al. (2012), adaptado ao contexto português, foi aplicado a 1.500 entidades ligadas às NPPS. O tamanho da amostra de 101 questionários válidos corresponde a uma taxa de resposta efetiva de 5,6%. A análise dos dados utilizou a análise fatorial exploratória para validar a distribuição das variáveis e realizou uma análise de componentes principais com rotação varimax. A pesquisa concluiu que o NPPS apresenta, em geral, baixo nível de desempenho, apesar da contribuição positiva dos fatores “Informação e controle” e “Plataformas eletrônicas” na gestão de processos. Estes resultados corroboram a necessidade de um realinhamento da estratégia de contratação pública em Portugal. JEL: C38; H11; H57; K12; O38

Abstract This research aims to evaluate the National Public Procurement System (NPPS) as a strategic instrument of public management, in Portugal. The creation of NPPS, in 2007, followed the European Union model for publicprocurement, based on criteria of economy, efficiency, and effectiveness that leads to greater transparency and accountability and reflects public value. This experiment analysis which are the weakest and the strongest dimensions of the NPPS and to what extent does the performance of the NPPS fit as a strategic instrument of public management. A research survey, based on the conceptual model developed by Essig et al. (2010) and later applied by Thi et al. (2012), adapted to Portuguese context, was applied to 1,500 entities linked to the NPPS. The sample size of 101 valid questionnaires corresponds to an effective response rate of 5.6%. The data analysis used exploratory factor analysis to validate the distribution of the variables and performed a principal component analysis with varimax rotation. The research concluded that NPPS has, in general, a low level of performance, despite the positive contribution of the “Information and control” and “Electronic platforms” factors in process management. These results corroborate the need for a realignment of the public procurement strategy in Portugal. JEL: C38; H11; H57; K12; O38

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el Sistema Nacional de Contratación Pública (NPPS) como un instrumento estratégico de gestión pública, en Portugal. La creación de NPPS, en 2007, siguió el modelo de la Unión Europea para la contratación pública, basado en criterios de economía, eficiencia y eficacia que conduce a una mayor transparencia y rendición de cuentas y refleja el valor público. Este experimento analiza cuáles son las dimensiones más débiles y más fuertes de la NPPS y en qué medida encaja el desempeño de la NPPS como un instrumento estratégico de la gestión pública. Una encuesta de investigación, basada en el modelo conceptual desarrollado por Essig et al. (2010) y posteriormente aplicado por Thi et al. (2012), adaptado al contexto portugués, se aplicó a 1.500 entidades vinculadas al NPPS. El tamaño de la muestra de 101 cuestionarios válidos corresponde a una tasa de respuesta efectiva del 5,6%. El análisis de datos utilizó análisis factorial exploratorio para validar la distribución de las variables y realizó un análisis de componentes principales con rotación varimax. La investigación concluyó que NPPS tiene, en general, un bajo nivel de desempeño, a pesar de la contribución positiva de los factores “Información y control” y “Plataformas electrónicas” en la gestión de procesos. Estos resultados corroboran la necesidad de un realineamiento de la estrategia de contratación pública en Portugal. JEL: C38; H11; H57; K12; O38

ABSTRACT The piramutaba, Brachyplatystoma vaillantii is a freshwater catfish that is the most abundant fishery resource in the Amazon estuary. Piramutaba trawling is done on industrial fishing scale and is characterized by the presence of many freshwater and marine bycatch species, with and without commercial value. Here we describe the bycatch of the industrial fishery of piramutaba in the Amazon estuary and evaluate the relationship of two important environmental factors, depth and salinity, with the accidental capture of freshwater and marine fishes in the Amazon estuary in the rainy and dry seasons. We identified 21 cartilaginous fish species (19.1% freshwater and 80.9% marine) and 125 bony fish species (25.6% freshwater and 74.4% marine). The bycatch included 64 species without commercial value (43% of all bycatch species), which are always discarded. Freshwater and estuarine fishes exhibited significantly higher abundances in shallower environments, while marine fishes were similarly abundant along the entire depth gradient. On the contrary, the abundance of freshwater fishes significantly decreased, and that of estuarine and marine fishes significantly increased with increasing salinity. Regarding the conservation status of the bycatch species, one is classified as vulnerable (VU), and seven as critically endangered (CR). The information on the bycatch of piramutaba fishery in the Amazon estuary is important to subsidize regional fisheries policies and the management of protected areas.

RESUMO A piramutaba, Brachyplatystoma vaillantii é um bagre de água doce que representa o recurso pesqueiro mais abundante no estuário amazônico. O arrasto da piramutaba é feito em escala industrial, caracterizado pela presença de muitas espécies de água doce e marinha capturadas de forma incidental, com e sem valor comercial. Aqui descrevemos a captura incidental da pesca industrial de piramutaba no estuário amazônico e avaliamos a relação de dois fatores ambientais, profundidade e salinidade, com a captura incidental de espécies de água doce e marinhas nas estações chuvosa e seca. Identificamos 21 espécies de peixes cartilaginosos (19,1% de água doce e 80,9% marinhos) e 125 espécies de peixes ósseos (25,6% de água doce e 74,4% marinhos). A captura incidental incluiu 64 espécies sem valor comercial (43% de todas as espécies capturadas) que sempre são descartadas. Os peixes de água doce e estuarinos exibiram abundâncias significativamente maiores em ambientes mais rasos, enquanto os peixes marinhos foram igualmente abundantes ao longo de todo o gradiente de profundidade. Inversamente, a abundância de peixes de água doce diminuiu significativamente, e a de peixes estuarinos e marinhos aumentou significativamente em salinidades maiores. Em relação ao estado de conservação das espécies capturadas, uma é reconhecida como vulnerável (VU) e sete como criticamente ameaçadas (CR). As informações sobre a captura incidental da pesca da piramutaba no estuário amazônico são fundaentais para subsidiar políticas pesqueiras regionais e gestão de áreas protegidas.

Multi-drug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are the cause of different infections and diseases that have affected humanity for a long time, and have been an emerging global health problem that has led to increased morbidity and mortality. The growing emergence of MDR bacteria has underlined the need for development and discovery of new antibacterial compounds. In this context, a series of new paeonol 1,2,3-triazole and ether derivatives were synthesized using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and nucleophilic substitution. Paeonol has been a natural product widely studied due to its many biological activities, as well as its derivatives. Three ether derivatives (two unpublished) and ten triazole derivatives (six unpublished) of paeonol were obtained, which were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and six of them by X-rays, which is the first study of this type presented for these compounds. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, obtaining a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) above 100 µg mL-1. The results showed that CuAAC and nucleophilic substitution were very useful to obtain new paeonol triazole and ether derivatives and the products were obtained in yields from 21.3 to 98.5%. The advantages of these reactions (high yield in most compounds, reaction time, low impurities) show that using the method to produce new derivatives is advisable thus assisting in the discovery of new potential bioactive compounds.

Resumo A regulação da prática de telemedicina no Brasil tem se mostrado tortuosa desde seu reconhecimento pela Resolução nº 1.643/2002, do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), havendo questionamentos quanto à competência deste para inserção da prática. Em 2018, o conselho editou nova resolução, mas que foi revogada em função da repercussão negativa. A pandemia de covid-19 pressionou os serviços de saúde de tal forma que o Poder Legislativo Federal foi impelido ao conflito e editou a Lei nº 13.989/2020, permitindo a prática de telemedicina durante o período da crise sanitária. O art. 6º da lei delegou ao CFM a competência para regulação da prática pós-pandemia, acirrando ainda mais as discussões. Este trabalho constitui um estudo de caso sobre a regulação da telemedicina no Brasil, buscando identificar os conflitos jurídicos impostos pela atuação do CFM em substituição ao Poder Legislativo. Utiliza o modelo político de implementação de políticas públicas de William Clune como base da análise, empregando o método da pesquisa documental qualitativa. Conclui-se que a implementação da telemedicina deve considerar as forças políticas em atuação, compreendendo o papel do CFM no processo normativo, para que se obtenha, no texto legal, uma política pública compatível com a realidade e apta a ser implementada.

Abstract The regulation of telemedicine in Brazil has been tortuous since its recognition by the Resolution No. 1,643/2002, of the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), with issues regarding its competence to insert this practice. In 2018, the council issued a new resolution but it was revoked due to negative repercussions. The covid-19 pandemic put pressure on health services in such a way that the National Congress was pushed into conflict and enacted the Federal Law No. 13,989/2020, which allowed the practice of telemedicine during the period of health crisis. The article 6 of the law delegated the competence to regulate the post-pandemic practice to the CFM, further intensifying the discussions. This work is a case study on the regulation of telemedicine in Brazil, seeking to identify the legal conflicts imposed by the action of CFM in substitution of the Legislative Power. It uses the political model of implementation of public policies by William Clune as the basis for the analysis, using the qualitative documentary research method. In conclusion, the implementation of telemedicine must consider the political forces involved, understanding the CFM’s role in the normative process, to obtain, in the legal text, a public policy compatible with reality and capable of being implemented.

RESUMO: Os constituintes do extrato hidroetanólico da raiz deA. indicaforam investigados por cromatografia líquida de ultra-alta performance acoplada à espectrometria de massas do tipo quadrupolo-tempo de voo (UPLC-QTOOF-MSE). A toxicidade aguda foi avaliada em modelo animal. Investigamos as atividades antibacterianas contra Salmonella typhimuriumeStaphylococcus aureuse as atividades antifúngicas contra cepas deTrichophyton rubrum, Candida albicanseCandida tropicalis. Identificamos nove metabólitos secundários no extrato etanólico por UPLC-QTOOF-MSE. O extrato foi altamente eficaz na inibição do crescimento de cepas de T. rubrum, podendo ser eficaz no combate ao dermatofito avaliado, mas não apresentou potencial de inibição em nenhuma cepa bacteriana ou espécies deCandidaavaliadas. Também foi possível inferir que o extrato não apresentou toxicidade aguda em relação ao modelo animalDanio rerio. Portanto, como o Neem tem alto potencial bioativo e se adapta bem ao clima das regiões semiáridas, o cultivo dessa espécie pode se tornar uma fonte de renda para os agricultores a partir da utilização da planta para produção de fungicida e/ou fármaco naturais como alternativa aos produtos convencionais, que podem causar resistência microbiológica e/ou são tóxicas ao meio ambiente, além de serem caros.

ABSTRACT: The constituents of the hydroethanolic extract ofAzadiractaindicaroot were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOOF-MSE). Acute toxicity was evaluated in an experimental animal model. We investigated the antibacterial activities ofA. indicaroots againstSalmonella typhimuriumandStaphylococcus aureusand the antifungal activities against strains ofTrichophyton rubrum, Candida albicansandCandida tropicalis. We identified nine secondary metabolites in the hydroethanolic extract by UPLC-QTOOF-MSE. The extract was highly effective in inhibiting the growth of T. rubrum strains, so it can be effective in combating the dermatophyte tested,but it had no inhibition potential on any bacterial strains orCandidaspecies evaluated. It was possible to infer that the extract had no acute toxicity in relation to the animal model Danio rerio. Therefore, since neem has a high bioactive potential and adapts well to the climate of semiarid regions, growing this species could become a source of income for farmers by its use to produce naturals fungicide and drug, as alternatives to conventional products, which can cause microbiological resistance and/or are toxic to the environment, besides being expensive.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the association between neurological signs as well as plausible risk factors and the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dogs of the Campo Grande region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In this study, the dogs were divided into two groups based on the presence and the absence of neurological signs (n=30 in each group). Serological diagnosis was performed using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. In the group with neurological disorders, 23.3% and 30% of the dogs had anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies, respectively. Moreover, three dogs from this group showed co-infection with both protozoa. In the group without neurological signs, 16.7% and 13.3% of the dogs were seropositive for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. Although presence of neurological signs was not associated with T. gondii and N. caninum infections (P = 0.747 and P = 0.21, respectively), there was a statistical association between T. gondii seropositivity and peripheral neurological alteration (P = 0.016) among dogs with neurological signs. Raw meat ingestion was the only risk factor associated with the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies (P = 0.041). Results revealed evidence of exposure to N. caninum and T. gondii in dogs irrespective of the presence of neurological signs. Moreover, this study highlighted the need for serological investigation of T. gondii in dogs with disturbances in peripheral nervous systems and not offering raw meat to animals to avoid the risk of N. caninum infection.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre sinais neurológicos, assim como possíveis fatores de risco e soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em cães de Campo Grande, região de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Nesse estudo, os cães foram divididos em dois grupos, baseado na presença ou ausência de sinais neurológicos (n = 30 em cada grupo). O diagnóstico sorológico foi realizado por meio do teste imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). No grupo com distúrbios neurológicos, 23.3% e 30% dos cães tinham anticorpos anti-T. gondii e anti-N. caninum, respectivamente. Além disso, três cães deste grupo estavam coinfectados com ambos os protozoários. No grupo sem sinais neurológicos, 16.7% e 13.3% dos cães foram soropositivos para T. gondii e N. caninum, respectivamente. Apesar da presença de sinais neurológicos não ter sido associado a infecção por T. gondii ou N. caninum ( P = 0.747 e P = 0.21, respectivamente), houve associação estatística entre soropositividade para T. gondii e alteração neurológica periférica (P = 0.016) entre os cães com sinais neurológicos. A ingestão de carne crua foi o único fator de risco que apresentou associação com a presença de anticorpos para N. caninum (P = 0.041). Estes resultados mostraram evidência de que a exposição a N. caninum e T. gondii em cães independe da presença de sinais neurológicos. Além disso, este estudo destaca a necessidade de investigação sorológica para T. gondii em cães com distúrbios neurológicos periféricos, e o oferecimento de carne crua aos animais deve ser evitada devido ao risco de infecção por neosporose.

Abstract The regulation of telemedicine in Brazil has been tortuous since its recognition by the Resolution No. 1,643/2002, of the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), with issues regarding its competence to insert this practice. In 2018, the council issued a new resolution but it was revoked due to negative repercussions. The covid-19 pandemic put pressure on health services in such a way that the National Congress was pushed into conflict and enacted the Federal Law No. 13,989/2020, which allowed the practice of telemedicine during the period of health crisis. The article 6 of the law delegated the competence to regulate the post-pandemic practice to the CFM, further intensifying the discussions. This work is a case study on the regulation of telemedicine in Brazil, seeking to identify the legal conflicts imposed by the action of CFM in substitution of the Legislative Power. It uses the political model of implementation of public policies by William Clune as the basis for the analysis, using the qualitative documentary research method. In conclusion, the implementation of telemedicine must consider the political forces involved, understanding the CFM’s role in the normative process, to obtain, in the legal text, a public policy compatible with reality and capable of being implemented.

Resumo A regulação da prática de telemedicina no Brasil tem se mostrado tortuosa desde seu reconhecimento pela Resolução nº 1.643/2002, do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), havendo questionamentos quanto à competência deste para inserção da prática. Em 2018, o conselho editou nova resolução, mas que foi revogada em função da repercussão negativa. A pandemia de covid-19 pressionou os serviços de saúde de tal forma que o Poder Legislativo Federal foi impelido ao conflito e editou a Lei nº 13.989/2020, permitindo a prática de telemedicina durante o período da crise sanitária. O art. 6º da lei delegou ao CFM a competência para regulação da prática pós-pandemia, acirrando ainda mais as discussões. Este trabalho constitui um estudo de caso sobre a regulação da telemedicina no Brasil, buscando identificar os conflitos jurídicos impostos pela atuação do CFM em substituição ao Poder Legislativo. Utiliza o modelo político de implementação de políticas públicas de William Clune como base da análise, empregando o método da pesquisa documental qualitativa. Conclui-se que a implementação da telemedicina deve considerar as forças políticas em atuação, compreendendo o papel do CFM no processo normativo, para que se obtenha, no texto legal, uma política pública compatível com a realidade e apta a ser implementada.

Abstract The formation of biofilm on denture bases is a recurrent clinical problem that favors the development of denture stomatitis. The effectiveness of a hygiene protocol in a 3D-printed denture base resin is still uncertain. Objective To evaluate of the effectiveness of immersion, associated or not with brushing in a soap solution, on the biofilm control of a 3D-printed denture base resin. Methodology Specimens of denture base resins [Cosmos Denture (COS) and Classico (CLA/control)] were contaminated in vitro with Candida albicans and immersed in sodium hypochlorite 0.25% (SH, alkaline peroxide) AP, chlorhexidine digluconate 2% (CD or PBS-Control), associated or not with brushing with 0.78% Lifebuoy soap. Roughness was evaluated before and after brushing and immersion. The effectiveness of the protocols was assessed by CFU/mL, cellular metabolism (XTT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Data were analyzed by T student, ANOVA/Welch, and Tukey/Gomes–Howell pos-hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results CLA showed greater roughness than COS. CFU/mL and XTT were higher in COS resin with a higher hyphae formation. Immersion in SH and CD eliminated CFU/mL and reduced XTT for both resins, associated or not with brushing. AP reduced CFU/mL only when associated with brushing. Conclusions The biofilm on the 3D-printed resin was thicker and presumably more pathogenic, regardless of its smoother surface. Immersions in SH 0.25% and CD 2% are effective hygiene protocols for both resins, associated or not with brushing. AP should be recommended when associated with brushing with a Lifebuoy 0.78% solution.

Abstract Objective This review synthesized existing studies on the prevalence of chronic pain in Brazil and its associated factors to produce a recent estimation to guide public health politics. Methods A search was carried out in the Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and BVS Regional/Lilacs databases to identify population-based cross-sectional studies from 2005 to 2020, which reported the prevalence of benign chronic pain in Brazil (more than three months). The risk of bias was assessed using design, sample size determination, and random selection as essential issues. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for chronic pain in the general and elderly populations. The protocol was registered on Prospero (CRD42021249678). Results Of the 682 identified, 15 macheted the authors’ inclusion criteria. Chronic pain prevalence in the general adult population ranged from 23.02% to 41.4% (pooled estimate 35.70%, 95% Cis 30.42 to 41.17) and was described as moderate to intense. It was associated with female sex, old age, lower education, intense professional activity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, central obesity, mood disorder, and sedentarism. The Southeastern and Southern regions presented a higher prevalence. The prevalence in the elderly population ranged from 29.3% to 76.2% (pooled estimate 47.32%, 95% Cis 33.73 to 61.11). In addition, this population visited doctors more frequently, had more sleep disorders, and was more dependent on daily living activities. Almost fifty percent of both populations with chronic pain reported pain-induced disability. Conclusion Chronic Pain is highly prevalent in Brazil and associated with significant distress, disability, and poorly controlled.

Resumo Este estudo tem como fio condutor a circulação, pelo Rio de Janeiro da segunda metade do século XIX, de três mestres de gymnastica: Paulo Vidal, Vicente Casali e Arthur Higgins. Ao trazê-los para o centro desta história, temos como objetivo compreender, a partir de suas trajetórias, qual gymnastica foi por eles forjada e, ao mesmo tempo, compartilhada no Collegio de Pedro II no decorrer dos anos oitocentistas. Nossa hipótese é que o trânsito e a atuação em variadas e distintas instituições contribuíram de forma significativa com o processo de sistematização da gymnastica naquele colégio. Para tanto, além de analisarmos os programas de ensino por eles elaborados, faremos um cruzamento com demais fontes e dados obtidos nos jornais da época, que nos permitem identificar não só as instituições pelas quais circularam, mas também elementos constitutivos dessa prática corporal. Como conclusões, destacamos que, no processo de sistematização da gymnastica no Pedro II, ocorreram negociações e partilhas entre seus mestres, os quais, para que a gymnastica fosse legitimada, lançaram mão de diferentes elementos obtidos nas instituições escolares e não escolares pelas quais circularam. Assim, ao verificarmos que a prática de ginástica fez parte do percurso formativo do Collegio de Pedro II, não podemos afirmar que se tratou de uma única gymnastica. Diante disso, as gymnasticas forjadas e compartilhadas pelos três professores estiveram encarnadas em suas experiências e trajetórias, e, por isso, comportavam uma dimensão transformativa que se adequava ao tempo e ao espaço em que eram conformadas. circulação XIX Vidal Higgins trazêlos trazê los história compreender trajetórias oitocentistas colégio tanto elaborados época circularam corporal conclusões legitimada Assim disso isso conformadas

Abstract This study has as thread the circulation, through Rio de Janeiro in the second half of the 19th century, of three gymnastics masters: Paulo Vidal, Vicente Casali and Arthur Higgins. By bringing them to the centre of this story, our goal is to understand, from their trajectories, which gymnastics was forged by them, at the same time, shared at the Collegio’s Pedro II during the 1800s. We hypothesize that the transit and performance in several different institutions contributed significantly to the systematization of gymnastics in that school. In order to do so, besides analyzing the teaching programs developed by them, we will cross-reference with other sources and data obtained in the newspapers of the time, which allow us to identify not only the institutions through which they circulated but also the constitutive elements of this corporal practice. In conclusion, we highlight that, in the process of systematizing gymnastics in Pedro II’s Collegio, there were negotiations among its masters to legitimize gymnastics, using different elements obtained in the school and non-school institutions through which they circulated. Thus, when we verify that the practice of gymnastics was part of the formative path of Pedro II’s Collegio, we cannot affirm that it was a single gymnastics. Therefore, the gymnastics forged and shared by the three teachers were embodied in their experiences and trajectories; for that reason, they had a transformative dimension that was adequate to the time and space in which they were shaped. circulation th century Vidal Higgins story understand trajectories Collegios Collegio s 1800s so crossreference cross reference conclusion IIs nonschool non Thus Therefore reason shaped

ABSTRACT Golden mussel is an invasive species in South America that causes environmental and economic damage due to the formation of large colonies without natural predators. This study aimed to test the agricultural use of golden mussel shell as a limestone substitute, as the shell is rich in calcium carbonate. The experiment was carried out in pots, with eight treatments (sandy soil; clay soil; sandy soil + 1.0 Mg ha−1 of limestone; clay soil + 1.0 Mg ha−1 of limestone; sandy soil + 1.0 Mg ha−1 of fresh shell; clay soil + 1.0 Mg ha−1 of fresh shell; sandy soil + 1.0 Mg ha−1 of calcined shell; clay soil + 1.0 Mg ha−1 of calcined shell), in addition to the application of the following fresh and calcined shell doses: 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Mg ha−1. Rice was cultivated in all treatments, and the soil fertility and rice shoot and root dry masses were evaluated. The shell provided good chemical conditions to the soils and raised their pH and phosphorus and calcium contents. The agricultural use of golden mussel shell showed to be efficient for soil correction and can be considered an alternative to limestone.

RESUMO O mexilhão-dourado é uma espécie invasora na América do Sul que causa prejuízos ambientais e econômicos, devido à formação de grandes colônias sem predadores naturais. Objetivou-se testar o uso agrícola de carapaça de mexilhão-dourado como substituto ao calcário, já que é rica em carbonato de cálcio. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, com oito tratamentos (solo arenoso; solo argiloso; solo arenoso + 1,0 Mg ha−1 de calcário; solo argiloso + 1,0 Mg ha−1 de calcário; solo arenoso + 1,0 Mg ha−1 de carapaça in natura; solo argiloso + 1,0 Mg ha−1 de carapaça in natura; solo arenoso + 1,0 Mg ha−1 de carapaça calcinada; solo argiloso + 1,0 Mg ha−1 de carapaça calcinada), além da aplicação das seguintes doses de carapaça in natura e calcinada: 0; 1,0; 1,5; e 2,0 Mg ha−1. Cultivou-se arroz em todos os tratamentos e foram avaliadas a fertilidade do solo e a massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes do arroz. A carapaça proporcionou boas condições químicas aos solos, elevou o seu pH e os teores de fósforo e cálcio. A utilização agrícola da carapaça de mexilhão-dourado foi eficiente para a correção do solo e pode ser considerada uma alternativa ao calcário.

A method to pretreatment of biomasses using glycerol as a green solvent was developed. Optimization of organosolv pretreatment was performed using a 23 factorial design, investigating synergism among the variables particle size (from < 0.85 to > 2.0 mm), FeCl3 concentration (0.025-0.175 mol L-1), and temperature (160-220 °C). Although the effects of the variables differed according to the type of lignocellulose, it was nonetheless possible to find an optimal condition in common (< 0.85 mm; 0.025 mol L-1; 220 °C), which was economically and environmentally sustainable, employing a small amount of catalyst. The biomasses pretreated using this combination of factors exhibited enzymatic digestibility exceeding 93% after 48 h, reflecting efficient reduction of recalcitrance as a result of high removal of hemicellulose (ca. 90%), provided by the use of FeCl3, together with substantial delignification. There was low formation of inhibitors in the hydrolysate, indicating that it could be directly fermented. The lignin removed to liquors could be easily recovered by centrifugation. Tests carried out under the optimal condition revealed that after the pretreatment the biomass could be directly used in enzymatic hydrolysis, without washing and wet. Furthermore, after simple treatment, crude glycerol was as effective as commercial glycerol.

Abstract Objective Assess the mediating role of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the association between the Kangaroo Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit and exclusive breastfeeding. Method Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in the Neonatal Unit of a Brazilian university hospital between September 2018 and March 2020. The sample consisted of 114 newborns weighing ≤1800 g and their mothers who were divided into those who participated in the first and second stages of the Kangaroo Method and those who only passed through the first stage, categorized as the Conventional group. To assess the self-efficacy of breastfeeding, the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale - Short-Form was used. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the breastfeeding self-efficacy score between the groups, and Fisher's exact test to compare rates of exclusive breastfeeding. The adjusted structural equation model was used to check for the mediating effect of breastfeeding self-efficacy. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results The kangaroo group had a higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge (p= 0.000). There was a positive association between having remained in the kangaroo (p= 0.003) and the breastfeeding self-efficacy score (p= 0.025) with the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge. Breastfeeding self-efficacy did not act as a mediator. Conclusion The self-efficacy of breastfeeding and the stay of the low birth weight newborn baby in the kangaroo unit acted positively and independently in exclusive breastfeeding, and the self-efficacy of breastfeeding did not act as a mediator in this association.

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a high-performance analytical technique that allows a measurement of the mass/charge (m/z) ratio of compounds present in a sample. MS is able to separate two m/z ions with determined values (mass resolution), being an important characteristic, especially in the analysis of biochemical components and complex mixtures. Mass analyzers define the resolving power and accuracy of different types of mass spectrometers. Herein, the performance of two mass analyzers (Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotronic Resonance (FT-ICR) and quadrupole ion trap (LTQ)) was tested on low (Mw = 165-679 Da) and high (Mw = 783-8.58 kDa) molecular weight molecules (Phenacetin, Procaine, Benzocaine, Caffeine anhydrous, Lidocaine, two metal porphyrin standards, the first cobalt and the second vanadium, and two protein standards, Ubiquitin and Beauvericin), and finally, for an oil sample. LTQ-MS and FT-ICR-MS had similar performance and high reproducibility. However, the mass accuracy and resolution power of the FT-ICR (error lower than 5 ppm and RP higher than 400,000) was higher, being therefore, it was more suitable for the analysis of proteins and oil, for instance. On the other hand, the CID analysis via LTQ demonstrated its applicability in fragmentation experiments, being able to determinate the chemical connectivity of organic compounds in non-complex mixtures.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar associações entre lanches e consumo de energia, nutrientes e fontes alimentares e identificar seus contribuintes por idade, sexo, status de peso e comportamentos de estilo de vida entre adolescentes e jovens adultos. Métodos: Subamostra calculada a partir do estudo de base-populacional transversal Inquéritos de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA-Capital, 2015). O ISA-Nutrição utilizou amostra de indivíduos não-institucionalizados com idade >15 anos. Para este estudo, apenas adolescentes (12-18 anos; n=418) e jovens adultos (19-29 anos; n=218) foram incluídos. Os “lanches” foram definidos, bem como foram calculadas a contribuição de energia e nutrientes, e as fontes alimentares. Estatística descritiva e regressões logísticas foram utilizadas. Resultados: Em média foram realizados 2,9±0,6 lanches por dia pelos participantes. Jovens adultos consumiram mais energia nos lanches da manhã e noite, enquanto adolescentes, à tarde. As três principais fontes de alimentos nos lanches contribuíram em 30,5% para o total de energia: biscoitos (11,8%), bebidas açucaradas (9,4%), e doces e outras sobremesas (9,3%). Apesar de os resultados não serem significantes, ser do sexo feminino (Odds Ratio [OR] 0,93, intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 0,36-1,49), atingir as recomendações de atividade física (OR 0,75, IC95% 0,25-1,25), e ter alta pontuação no índice do total da qualidade dieta (OR 0,88, IC95% 0,24-1,52) resultou em aumento na ingestão de lanches. Alternativamente, ter sobrepeso (OR -0.54, IC95% -1.00 a -0.08) está relacionado a menores chances de consumir lanches. Conclusões: Estratégias para melhorar a qualidade dos lanches deveriam ser consideradas nas intervenções de mudança de comportamentos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate associations between snacking and energy, nutrients and food source, and to identify the contribution of snacking across age, sex, weight status and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Methods: A sub-sample was calculated from the population-based cross-sectional study 2015-Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital). The survey “ISA-Nutrição” used a sample of non-institutionalized individuals aged >15 years. For this study, only adolescents (12-18 years old; n=418) and young adults (19-29 years old; n=218) were included. Snacks were identified, and their contribution to energy, nutrients, and food sources were calculated. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used. Results: Participants experienced an average of 2.9±0.6 snacking occasions per day. Young adults consumed more energy from morning and night snacks, and adolescents, from afternoon snacks. The top three food sources on snacking contributed to 30.5% of energy: cookies (11.8%), sugar sweetened beverages (9.4%), sweets and other desserts (9.3%). Although results were non-significant, being a female (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.36-1.49), meeting the physical activity recommendations (OR 0.75; 95%CI 0.25-1.25), and scoring higher for the healthy eating index (OR 0.88; 95%C 0.24-1.52) were all factors related to increased intake of snacks. Alternatively, overweight individuals (OR -0.54; 95%CI -1.00 to -0.08) consumed less snacks. Conclusions: Improving the quality of snacks should be considered in behavior-change strategies.